📜 [專欄新文章] 2019 台北以太坊社群回顧
✍️ Juin Chiu
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
很快地,2019 年過去了,台北以太坊社群(TEM)也滿 3 歲了,過去一年,TEM 完成了許多重大的里程碑:
舉辦台灣最大的區塊鏈技術研討會 Crosslink
主持台灣開源界最大的研討會 COSCUP 的區塊鏈議程
參加世界最大的區塊鏈技術研討會 DEVCON
Medium 專欄累積 30+ 篇優質文章
Youtube 頻道累積 50+ 個技術演講
在這篇文章中,我們首先來審視 2019 年以太坊取得重大進展的技術:以太坊2.0與零知識證明,接著再回顧 TEM 於 2019 的優質專欄文章。
*本文由 Juin Chiu 與 Chih-Cheng Liang 共同整理
以太坊重大進展
以太坊2.0的信標鏈
對一般大眾最重要最能吸收的事情大概是 Eth2.0 的信標鏈有測試網路了。透過儀表板網站 www.beaconcha.in 可以看見 Prysmatic Labs 團隊的測試網路的動態。細節很多,但本文就只談這張圖最上面有出現的東西。
在 Eth2.0 沒有挖礦和礦工了,取而代之的是抵押以太幣的驗證者(Validator)來成為資料的寫入者。因此也沒有「區塊時間」這個詞了,新協定以 12 秒為一個「時段」(Slot),信標鏈隨機分配驗證者在指定的時間點產出區塊。在 32 個時段的時間,稱為一個「時期」(Epoch),約 6.4 分鐘,信標鏈會處理驗證者的賞、罰、進、出。在儀表板的左上角可以看到 Epoch 與 Slot 的數字,代表距離最早最古老的區塊多久了。
要怎麼成為驗證者呢?首先要在以太坊 1.0 主網路的抵押合約上,送出一筆交易(在信標鏈測試網路則是送到 Goerli 測試網路)。這筆交易會註冊驗證者的公鑰,並且存入押金(在正式網路是 32 ETH ,測試網路則是 3.2 ETH)。送完之後就排隊等待信標鏈激活驗證者,驗證者就需要開始執行信標鏈分配的任務了。在畫面中間可以看到左邊是 27539 個活躍的驗證者,右邊則是有 4623 個排隊進入的。
在這種基於押金的網路,系統的威脅來自於攻擊者買通大量驗證者,送出矛盾訊息,致使於系統不同節點無法取得共識,鏈資料不可挽回的分叉為兩條。因此系統累積的總押金越多,代表攻擊者成本越高。畫面最右上角左邊即為總押金,右邊為平均一個驗證者的餘額。
假期間和親朋好友一起跑一個驗證者節點,是個活絡氣氛的好活動。要做到這件事,目前 Prysm 客戶端有最友善的介面,請點 連結。程式也用 Docker 包好了,免煩惱安裝。
也記得 Eth2.0 協定有 9 個團隊 用不同程式語言實作。例如:有 Python 語言的客戶端 Trinity ,以及 Rust 語言客戶端 Lighthouse。基本上不用擔心找不到自己喜歡的程式語言的實作。
零知識證明
2019 年,零知識證明的理論與應用也突飛猛進,Kimi Wu 剛好寫了一篇很棒的文獻調查。
前年底提出的 zk rollup,目前由 Matter Labs 在開發,Matter Labs更在上個月(2019/12)發表了 ZK Sync,解決了因為產生證明(proof)而延伸的延遲問題。
此外 Iden3 跟 ConsenSys 也有 zk rollup 的專案。在以太坊研究論壇有基於 zk rollup 的一個提案,是可以達到 匿名性的 zk rollup。
Semaphore是一個基於零知識證明的一個訊號系統,發送者可以不揭露身份的狀況下廣播任何訊息(an arbitrary string)。 Semaphorejs 延續 Semaphore 的核心概念,並將整個概念更加完整化,從前端網頁到後端服務。
這兩年才發表的 zk-STARKs,也在去年年初跟 0x 合作,推出基於 zk-STARKs 的 去中心化交易所。
在技術上,去年下半年有新的論文,使用 DARK compiler 可以讓 SNARKs 達到公開性(Transparent)。還有 MARLIN, SONIC, PLONK 等可通用且可更新的可信設定(trusted setup)。STARKs 的 FRI 驗證方式也默默地跟 SNARKs 做結合。(東西越來越多,根本看不完 QQ)
零知識證明在區塊鏈的重要用途就是「擴展」和「隱私」。技術上的進展,一般可以觀察證明方產出證明的時間、證明的資料大小、驗證方驗證的時間、需不需要可信設定、可信設定有什麼限制、以及抵抗量子電腦的能力。
社群專欄優質文章
Crossslink 2019
Crosslink 2019 Taiwan|以太坊 2.0 的未來藍圖及挑戰
Crosslink Recap: Design pattern: build your first profitable DApp and smart contract
Private key security and protection / 私錀的安全與保護 — Tim Hsu
Crosslink 2019 Taiwan|LibraBridge: 橋接 Libra 與 Ethereum
Aragon Fundraising:下一代的去中心化募資平台
The next generation Ethereum Virtual Machine — Ewasm VM
libp2p — 模組化的點對點網路協議
教學(Tutorial)
一分鐘做出自己的代幣購買App
Web3 Java 開發:用 Geth、Ganache 及 Infura 測試和 Smart Contract 互動
Let’s Capture The Flag! Etheruem CTF Tutorial 從零開始破解智能合約漏洞!
Your First Transaction on Facebook Libra — 動手玩 Libra
ELI5! 區塊鏈到底在幹嘛?
共識協定(Consensus)
Casper FFG:以實現權益證明為目標的共識協定
Casper FFG 與 Casper CBC 的瑜亮情結
若想搞懂區塊鏈就不能忽視的經典:PBFT
密碼學(Cryptography)
Ethereum RNG (RANDAO & VDF)
深入瞭解 zk-SNARKs
瞭解神秘的 ZK-STARKs
隱私性與匿名性(Privacy and Anonymity)
新一代加密貨幣Grin和MimbleWimble區塊鏈解析
Monero.門羅幣 隱匿交易的基礎介紹
隱私、區塊鏈與洋蔥路由
資料可得性(Data Availability)
Data Availability on Ethereum 2.0 Light Node
Fraud and Data Availability Proofs
點對點網路(p2p Network)
連Ethereum都在用!用一個例子徹底理解DHT
針對DHT的花式攻擊與精簡對策
智能合約(Smart Contract)
深入解析Solidity合約
Upgradable Smart Contracts using zos
Reason Why You Should Use EIP1167 Proxy Contract. (With Tutorial)
去中心化金融(DeFi)
DeFi 項目《Uniswap》完整解析(一)Uniswap 是什麼?
解析 DeFi 項目《Uniswap》(二)Uniswap 如何使用?
去中心化身份(DID)
我們與「身份自主」的距離
其他(Miscellaneous)
論言論自由
作為負債的控制
0x 黑客松 — 獲獎作品回顧與分析
技術解析台灣交易所BitoPro駭客攻擊
總結
2019 是個樸實無華但充實的一年,除了在底層技術方面有所進展,在應用方面,例如去中心化金融(DeFi)與去中心化身份(DID),也逐漸獲得大眾的興趣,期待 2020 年區塊鏈能為這世界帶來更多驚奇!
2019 台北以太坊社群回顧 was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
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2020年1月1日生效的中國密碼法兩個重點:
1. (For those who) //use cryptography to engage in illegal activities that harm the state security, public interests or others' rights and interests, will be held accountable based on the Cybersecurity Law and other laws and regulations.//
2. //Moreover, those who sell or provide commercial cryptography products and services that are not examined or authenticated or fail either procedure will also be warned, fined or have their illicit gains confiscated.//
使用加密法危害國家安全或公眾利益即違法,商用加密產品及服務必須送審。
security cryptography 在 大詩人的寂寞投資筆記 Facebook 的最佳貼文
臉書居然是認真的,靠
「https://youtu.be/4zw-jpVFKMY
Libra 介紹影片,看完可以有個基本概念。」
Today, Facebook is coming together with 27 organizations around the world to start the non-profit Libra Association and create a new currency called Libra.
Libra's mission is to create a simple global financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people around the world. It's powered by blockchain technology and the plan is to launch it in 2020. You can read more about the association here: https://libra.org
Being able to use mobile money can have an important positive impact on people's lives because you don't have to always carry cash, which can be insecure, or pay extra fees for transfers. This is especially important for people who don't have access to traditional banks or financial services. Right now, there are around a billion people who don't have a bank account but do have a mobile phone.
We aspire to make it easy for everyone to send and receive money just like you use our apps to instantly share messages and photos. To enable this, Facebook is also launching an independent subsidiary called Calibra that will build services that let you send, spend and save Libra -- starting with a digital wallet that will be available in WhatsApp and Messenger and as a standalone app next year.
Calibra will be regulated like other payment service providers. Any information you share with Calibra will be kept separate from information you share on Facebook. From the beginning, Calibra will let you send Libra to almost anyone with a smartphone at low to no cost. Over time, we hope to offer more services for people and businesses -- like paying bills with the push of a button, buying coffee with the scan of a code, or riding local public transit without needing to carry cash or a metro pass.
In addition to our efforts, many other companies will build their own services using Libra -- from payment companies like Mastercard, PayPal, PayU, Stripe and Visa, to popular services like Booking, eBay, Farfetch, Lyft, Spotify and Uber, to non-profits doing important work around financial inclusion like Kiva, Mercy Corps and Women's World Banking, to companies in the crypto space like Anchorage, Coinbase, Xapo, and Bison Trails. A number of leading Venture firms are also joining to help drive innovation on the Libra network. We're hoping to have over 100 cofounding members of the Libra Association by the time the network launches next year.
All of this is built on blockchain technology. It's decentralized -- meaning it's run by many different organizations instead of just one, making the system fairer overall. It's available to anyone with an internet connection and has low fees and costs. And it's secured by cryptography which helps keep your money safe.
This is an important part of our vision for a privacy-focused social platform -- where you can interact in all the ways you'd want privately, from messaging to secure payments.
Privacy and safety will be built into every step. For example, Calibra will have a dedicated team of experts in risk management focused on preventing people from using Calibra for fraudulent purposes. We'll provide fraud protection so if you lose your Libra coins, we'll offer refunds. We also believe it's important for people to have choices, so you'll have the option to use many other third-party wallets on the Libra network.
There's still a lot more to learn and do before Libra will be ready to officially launch. We know it's a major undertaking and responsibility -- and we're committed to getting this right. We've been working with policymakers and experts in areas like financial inclusion, economics, security, privacy and blockchain, and we'll continue listening to their feedback as we figure out the best way to move forward. We're thankful for their partnership, and for all the businesses, organizations, and academic institutions that are part of the Libra Association.
This is the beginning of an exciting journey and I'm looking forward to sharing more soon.
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